The aim of this second EcoSummit is to encourage integration of both the natural and social sciences with the policy and decision-making community, for the purpose of developing a deeper understanding of complex problems. This understanding will provide the basis for sustainable solutions to environmental problems. The structure of this EcoSummit is unique in the sense that it is a Summit rather than a workshop or conference. All delegates will be able to participate actively during the EcoSummit through the Working Groups, in addition to the contributed poster sessions.