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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
DAY 1 - APPROACH TO FEBRILE INFANTS AND TODDLERS Risks of various management strategies of febrile infants less than 2 months of age. Summarize recent data concerning the clinical approach to febrile young infants. Approach to febrile 3-24 month old children with a known source of infection from those with fever and no identifiable focus of infection. Summarize data concerning the diagnostic evaluation of febrile children 3-24 months of age. LIFE-THREATENING PEDIATRIC INFECTIONS Conclude that as newer immunizations eradicate many serious infections, we are still faced with certain pathogens that can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Recognize, diagnose and manage the following diseases: Toxic Shock Syndrome; Meningococcemia; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Kawasaki Syndrome. ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA Describe the pathophysiology of asthma and rationale for therapeutic interventions. Summarize recent data on steroids, theophylline, ipratropium bromide, and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma in childhood. UPPER AIRWAY EMERGENCIES IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT Conclude that upper airway emergencies require prompt diagnosis and efficient treatment. Recognize and treat common causes of pediatric stridor including: Croup; Epiglottitis; Retropharyngeal abscess; Anaphylaxis. DAY 2 - NON-TRAUMATIC SURGICAL ABDOMINAL EMERGENCIES Recognize pediatric abdominal processes that require surgical intervention. Diagnose and manage the following conditions: Intussusception; Malrotation; Pyloric Stenosis; Meckels Diverticulum. DIAGNOSIS AND MISDIAGNOSIS OF APPENDICITIS IN CHILDHOOD The pathophysiology of appendicitis. Associate the pathophysiology of appendicitis with the signs and symptoms. Analyze various diagnostic approaches to appendicitis in childhood. Criticize the care provided in several cases of appendicitis missed at the time of initial ED evaluation. PEDIATRIC SEIZURES Evaluation and pharmacologic treatment options in status epilepticus. Epidemiology evaluation and treatment of febrile seizures. PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CASE STUDIES Basic principles of emergency medicine in the stabilization and evaluation of interesting pediatric emergency cases. Etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric emergency cases. DAY 3 - HEAD INJURIES Pathophysiology of head injury in childhood. The management approach to mild, moderate, and severe head trauma. The emergency treatment of severely head-injured conditions. CHILD WITH A LIMP The importance of age to specific hip pathology. Etiologies of limp. Management of specific orthopedic conditions. MEDICAL ERRORS IN PEDIATRICS Explain root cause analysis and perform it on cases of medical errors that involved children. Specific risks for medication errors and strategies to reduce their occurrence. Issues in sleep physiology that relate to medical error risks. VISUAL DIAGNOSIS: YOU MAKE THE CALL Make the correct call on slides representing interesting physical examination findings of pediatric patients. DAY 4 - THE SEPTIC APPEARING INFANT Conclude that an infectious etiology is not the only cause of a toxic appearing child. Differentiate neurologic, hematologic, toxin, and cardiac causes of the ill child. PEDIATRIC POISONING Review data on pediatric poisonings including recent trends. Options for gastrointestinal decontamination. ORTHOPEDIC CONDITIONS ABOVE THE HIP Salter-Harris classification of fractures Initially manage fractures of the upper extremity and recognize when to refer to an Orthopedic Surgeon Presentation and x-ray findings of cervical spine injuries. PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY RADIOLOGY Radiographic findings of the films displayed. Interpret radiographs and diagnose a variety of pediatric conditions. DAY 5 - OTITIS MEDIA Review the pathophysiology of Otitis Media and relate it to child risk factors. Distinguish a Acute Otitis Media (AOM) from Otitis Media with effusion (OME) based on recently published diagnostic criteria. Changes in the microbiology of Otitis Media and their effects on newly published treatment recommendations. JUDICIOUS USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN OUTPATIENT SETTING. Antibiotic prescribing patterns, outcomes, and expenditures for common pediatric conditions. Compare parent and physician beliefs for prescribing antibiotics. DILEMMA OF THE FOREIGN BODY - ASPIRATED OR INGESTED Epidemiology and clinical presentation of aspirated versus ingested foreign bodies. The rationale for radiographic evaluation of children with a history of foreign body ingestion. The relative merits of endoscopic versus Foley catheter removal, and bougienage advancement of esophageal foreign bodies. Diagnostic approach and radiographic interpretation of children with aspirated foreign bodies. ARTICLES THAT CHANGE THE WAY WE PRACTICE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE Recent journal articles, which continue to advance the field of Pediatric Emergency Medicine.
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