Work in the field of structure determination of protein and macromolecular complexes has made a real and significant impact on:

• The understanding of the mechanism of infection by pathogens


• Structure-guided design of interventions in the form of drugs, and preventative measures such as vaccines, barrier creams etc.


• The design of enzymes to make new industrial chemicals


• The design of novel herbicides and pesticides


• The design of energy efficient industrial processes exploiting engineered enzymes


• The use of engineered enzymes for environmental remediation


• The use of biomolecules and nano-technology to make novel “bionanomachines”


• The understanding of biological events so that novel strategies for intervention in human health can be designed and produced or exploited to make new devices.